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Many multipurpose woody plants in arid and semi-arid zones are endangered species. The natural or induced vegetative propagation (NIVP) of these species can be very beneficial in reversing this trend so as to increase the living standards of impoverished populations, control erosion and combat deser tification. Different species can propagate thanks to rhizomes, runners, suckers or rooting of living...
The underlying source of climate variability affecting the Ceará rain-fed agricultural production in Northeast Brazil is the interrelated global-scale fluctuations of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic regions. Despite the elevated skill in seasonal climate forecasts for rainfall in Ceará, models linking SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Pacific (Niño 3.4 index)...
A large proportion of Nigerian drylands is characterized by sandy undulating topography. The sandy soil is usually low in organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, and degrades rapidly under conditions of intensive rainfall. When over-used, denuded patches may appear as the sand becomes mobile and windblown. The rainfall regimes are characterized by high concentrations in a few months, intermittence...
Since 1960 rangelands in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia have been subject to competing claims: wildlife conservation, development to generate revenue for the state, and the use of the valley by pastoralists. This conflict, aggravated by drought, is a frequent occurrence between Afar and Kereyu pastoralists, the conservation, park and state plantations and has threatened the co-existence of the communities...
The frequent occurrence of sandstorms in northern China in recent years has had an immediate bearing upon the ecological degeneration of grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The long-term exploitation by humans of the primordial ecosystems has led to the degradation of the sandy grasslands. In this respect, human infringement is the predominant reason followed by natural retrogression. Hence, in order to...
The area of Cholistan Desert is 2.6 million ha. The desert measures 480 km in length and between 32 and 192 km in breadth. Human and livestock population in the desert is 0.1 and 2.0 million, respectively. There is no river or canal flowing through the desert area, which has a hyper-arid climate. The main land use in the area is livestock rearing. Agricultural farming is not practiced due to unavailability...
According to Clementsian succession theory and the property rights theory, grasslands could be used in a sustainable way because the herders would control their livestock population within its carrying capacity to protect grassland when they have long-term usufruct of their grasslands. However, the 20-year implementation of the policy of Livestock and Grassland Double-Contract Responsibility System...
For many years the relationship between fish farming and agriculture has been built on recycling the discharged water from the cultivated fields into the aquaculture systems. This discharged water was sometimes full of pesticides and chemicals that were hazardous to both fish and humans. But the proposed integrated aquaculture and agriculture system is to work in the opposite direction: the drainage...
Success of projects to combat desertification is measured against their contribution to the achievement of outcomes. Monitoring and evaluation activities must increase their focus on outcomes by shifting towards better measurement of performance and more systematic monitoring. Such activities must be inspired by an organizational culture of learning, transparency and accountability. A case study of...
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